Introduction: Custom 404 Error Page in PHP

Every website gets the occasional, frustrating Error 404: Not Found. And if you have your own website, you may wish to customize these error pages. Thankfully, it's not that hard to do. Your error pages may be of any extension you want. Usually, they are written in SHTML. But SHTML isn't very dynamic in terms of what can be done with it. So I went over to PHP for my error pages. The coding wasn't hard either. So let's begin.

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Step 1: Requirements

Jul 16, 2020 If you have to configure your webserver to show custom error page content, an easy way to generate HTML for the error page is copying the source code of a regular website page. Change the main content section to show the error message, and your 404 error page will match the rest of the site pretty well. Jan 13, 2021 A custom 404 page can be branded with your site and provide helpful information. If you have access to your server, we recommend that you create a custom 404 page. A good custom 404 page helps people find the information they're looking for, and also provides other helpful content that encourages people to explore your site further. Here are a few tips to help you make the most of a custom 404 page: Add your site's header and footer to the 404 page. This lets shoppers know they're still on your site and in a position to keep browsing.

If you have a website, your hosing server should have PHP installed. If not, ask your server's admin if they would be kind enough to install it. If you are just screwing around wasting time, you need some type of emulator. If you're on Windows, use easyPHP for this. If you're on Linux and can spare the resources, get: apache2 and php (for Ubuntu, sudo apt-get install apache2 php). If you're on mac, I have no idea what you can use.
Once you meet these requirements, go to the next step.

So when they built their 404 page, they used their widely known branding to create a unique and amusing 404 page. They used both text and image to show that the user is at the end of the trail. NPR’s 404 page looks ordinary enough at first glance.

Step 2: .htaccess

As stated on the cover page, your custom error page(s) can have any extension you want. But you can't use it if your server isn't told to use it. This is where .htaccess comes in. .htaccess is a file named, well, '.htaccess'. This file can be used to configure your site to certain degrees. What we will do is go ahead and point the 404 error to 404.php (which, ironically, doesn't exist yet). This will be a hidden file (every file that begins with a dot is a hidden file). So make sure you can view hidden files. In this file, write the following code and save it:
And while you're at it, if you feel like it:

Step 3: 404.php

And the actual error page. I'm going to ignore the whole 'let's follow standards' thing I usually do. The reason I chose PHP for the error page is because you can figure out the source of the error to an extent; you can see if the missing page was typed in the address bar, if it was a link on your site, or if it was a link on a different site. This is achieved by parsing a server variable. You can also parse a couple other server variables and see exactly what was put into the address bar. For this ible, we will only grab the requested page and the referrer, if any.
The line above will tell the visitor that the page they want, along with the page's path (preceded with a slash), does not exist. It's helpful to tell the specific page because the hyperlink they followed, if they followed, may not reflect the page's path. The next code will grab if there was a referrer and who it was.
On my site, I told the user one of three things to do as per the code. If the referrer was my site, email me and let me know. If the referrer was on a different site, email them and let them know. If they types randomly in the address bar, stop doing that.

Step 4: Testing

First, go to your site like normal. It should show up normally. To test if your .htaccess is being read, insert random junk anywhere inside it and save it. Reloading the page should give a 500 error. If not, make sure your site is set up to use .htaccess files (I just had to edit my server's config files to get it to work). If it still don't work, try deleting all the blank spaces and reinserting them.
Else, undo the junk and re-save it. Now try to visit a non-existent page. You should see your 404 page. Add a few dead links on your site and try to follow them. You should end up with the same 404 page but with different content. Add a dead link to another website and the 404 page will have different content.

Step 5: Files

Here are the files used in this ible. Edit as desired/required.

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How To Create A Custom 404 Page

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How to create custom Express.js error pages#

Express does a good job of handling 404 and 500 errors by default. However, many a times, the error is page is now what we would like it to look like. Is there a way to customize it? Yes there is.

Online, you will come across many ways of implementing custom error pages for Express, but a lot of them do not use the correct approach, and those who do, do not explain properly how to do it, or what is going on. In this post I will show you how to create custom 404 and 500 error pages the right way, and explain how and why it works.

If you are asking this question, I will assume that you already have a working Express application and you are familiar with the application code, at least somewhat. I will also assume that you created the skeleton of your app using the express command (if you did not, start using it - type express -h at the command line).

To get some context, open app.js and find these lines:

In the first line, we have added the router middleware, which makes defining routes in Express possible.

Tower defensegamefort. In the second line, we are adding Stylus to pre-process our CSS files.

In the third line, we are setting up our static directory for serving CSS, JavaScript, images etc.

You may come across some suggestions like the following to handle 404 errors:

This approach is wrong, it is using a route to handle 404 error. Because the router middleware is added before the static middleware, it will intercept the requests for static file like CSS, JavaScript etc. You could make it work somehow, but it would a dirty hack job, we need to use the right approach, so abandon this method.

So what's the right method?

We need to create two middleware to handle 404 and 500 errors. Add these two right below app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')));:

Try loading a non-existent page on your website now or generate an error by calling an undefined function in one of your route handlers. You will see your custom error pages now.

Hey, but aren't we looking to create cool looking custom error pages?

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Ah yes! Go ahead create these two files in the views directory.

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Now, update the error handling middleware.